U.S. Energy Information Administration   |   Updated: June 15, 2011

Hurricanes and tropical storms in the Gulf of Mexico can severely disrupt the supply of crude oil and natural gas from offshore platforms to onshore processing facilities. Predicting the formation of hurricanes and tropical storms is an uncertain science, and most forecasters speak in terms of probabilities or ranges. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) released its Atlantic Hurricane Season Outlook on May 19, 2011, indicating that the Atlantic basin will likely experience above-normal tropical weather activity during the upcoming hurricane season (June 1 - November 30). NOAA projects 12 to 18 named storms will form within the Atlantic basin over the next six months, including 6 to 10 hurricanes, of which 3 to 6 will be intense.

When severe tropical weather threatens the Gulf of Mexico region, it is difficult to predict the effects on crude oil production. The level of shut-in production depends on a number of factors, including the overall intensity of severe weather, the specific track of each storm, and producers' response to the threat. Production outages have varied greatly over the last few years (see Figure 1). Although hurricane activity within the entire Atlantic Basin was higher than normal during 2010, only two minor storms impacted the Gulf producing region, shutting in 4.3 million barrels of crude oil (about 2 percent of normal production). In contrast, Hurricanes Gustav and Ike shut in over 60 million barrels of crude oil during 2008 (about 25 percent of normal production).

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In a supplement to the June edition of the Short-Term Energy Outlook ( 2011 Outlook for Hurricane-Related Production Outages in the Gulf of Mexico), EIA simulated the probability distribution for seasonal shut-in crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico using information from NOAA's most recent hurricane projections. The simulated median cumulative volume of shut-in production over the course of the entire upcoming hurricane season was 19 million barrels, three times the estimated median cumulative outage during a season with normal hurricane activity. However, projections of shut-in production are highly uncertain. For example, there is a 70-percent probability that shut-in offshore production for the entire season will fall between 3.2 and 53.5 million barrels of crude oil. Intervals with a higher likelihood of encompassing the actual level of shut-in production would be even wider. Even with NOAA's projection of above-normal hurricane activity this year, the likelihood of experiencing a season similar to 2008 is only 11 percent.

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